Iraqi forces have seized a damaged Mosul bridge which could link up their units on either side of the Tigris river, as thousands of civilians fled the fight for control of Islamic State's remaining stronghold in the west of the city.
US-backed army and police units advanced through populated western districts, fighting tough street battles, and announced that they had captured Mosul’s southernmost bridge on Monday. Once repaired, the bridge could help bring reinforcements and supplies from the eastern side, piling pressure on the militants dug in on the western side among 750,000 civilians.
Mosul, Iraq's third-largest city, was captured by Islamic State, also known as Isis, in June 2014. An operation to retake it, led by the Iraqi government with the support of allies including the US, has been under way since October.
Iraqi forces captured eastern Mosul in January after 100 days of fighting. They launched their attack on the districts that lie west of the Tigris a week ago.
If they defeat Islamic State in Mosul, that would crush the Iraq wing of the caliphate that the group's leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi declared in 2014 over parts of Iraq and neighbouring Syria. The US commander in Iraq has said he believes that US-backed forces will recapture both Mosul and Raqqa – Islamic State's Syria stronghold – within six months.
Since government forces broke through the city’s southern limits on Thursday, more than 10,000 civilians have fled Islamic State-held areas, seeking medical assistance, food and water, Iraqi commanders said.
Civilian arrivals
About 1,000 civilians arrived in the early hours of Monday at the sector held by the Counter Terrorism Service (CTS). The wounded were taken to the clinic of this elite unit, while men were screened to make sure they were not Islamic State members.
Among the people treated at the CTS clinic was a little girl with blood on her face and a woman with shrapnel in her hand who was lying immobile, apparently unconscious.
An old man who came with them said about 20 people were sheltering in their house when it was hit by an air strike two days ago in the southwestern Maamoun district.
Those who managed to escape have had to walk through the desert for at least an hour to reach government lines.
Several thousand militants, including many who travelled from western countries to join up, are believed to be still in Mosul. They are thought to be prepared for a fierce standoff amid a remaining civilian population of 750,000.
The United Nations World Food Programme said on Monday it was extremely concerned about the dire humanitarian situation facing families in western Mosul. A Reuters reporter saw several trucks teeming with people, lifting columns of sand and dust as they drove away from the city.
One truck had two women and infants riding in the cabin. The rest stood on the open bed, held on to the truck from outside, or sat on top of the cabin.
“They boobytrapped our homes and our cars,” said an old woman.
A western volunteer medic at the CTS clinic said a boy with a gunshot wound that shattered his knee was among those treated on Monday, as was a pregnant woman who had both legs amputated.
"Most of those who arrive to this point are hungry and thirsty and suffering neglect, and need medical care," CTS Brig Gen Salman Hashim told Reuters.
US support
Army, police, CTS and rapid-response units attacking Islamic State in western Mosul are backed by air and ground support from the US-led coalition, including artillery fire. US personnel are operating close to the front lines to direct air strikes.
Iraqi troops have already captured the southern and western accesses to western Mosul, dislodging the militants from the airport, a military base, a power station and the three residential districts of al-Maamoun, al-Tayyaran and Hawi al-Josaq, according to military statements.
"The more we advance, the fiercer the resistance," said Lieut Col Abdel Amir al-Mohammadawi, from the rapid-response units that are fighting near the southernmost bridge, one of five spanning the Tigris.
All of them were damaged in strikes by the US-led air coalition, and later by Islamic State fighters trying to seal off the western bank that is still under their control.
Iraqi forces have advanced to within one kilometre of the old city centre and the main government buildings, the capture of which would effectively mean the fall of Mosul.
The militants are using mortar, sniper fire, booby traps and suicide car bombs to fight off the offensive. They are facing a 100,000-strong force made up of Iraqi armed forces, regional Kurdish peshmerga fighters and Iranian-trained Shia Muslim paramilitary groups.
– Reuters