A test that can rapidly detect infections such as TB and HIV has been devised by scientists attached to University College, Galway. The technique developed by its National Diagnostics Centre (NDC) will facilitate earlier treatment because of quicker diagnosis.
The unique test procedure, which has been patented by the scientists, can detect microbes in blood and other tissues by focusing directly on their genetic content, namely DNA sequences. In some cases results will be possible within a few hours compared to days, if not weeks, with other tests - most involved attempted culture of pathogenic organisms to verify their presence.
The NDC is producing TB test kits which deploy a technique known as DNA amplification. When this molecular tool is used in conjunction with a DNA probe, it produces a colour signal if a pathogen is present in a patient sample. It detects specific sequences of DNA.
Prof Jim Houghton said the test was an important development in the detection of human infection, particularly as early diagnosis increases the possibility of more success in treatment. "It's a different approach to growing up bacteria. We go direct for the presence of DNA. With that, a result can be obtained overnight with TB. Up to now, the process involved prolonged culture, a very lengthy process."
While the test kit is used with TB, the same technology is applicable to viral infections such as HIV. In any event, a person with HIV is often exposed to opportunistic infections because of being immuno-suppressed - TB often manifests itself in such circumstances.
The NDC has established a commercial link with a Belgian company, Innogenetics, which has facilitated the TB kit going into production in Ireland on UCG campus.
The DNA diagnostic test system may also be applied to detect harmful bacteria in food, providing companies with a valuable tool for monitoring and assuring quality and safety of their products. "The test represents a versatile diagnostic tool that may be designed to detect any pathogenic organism," Prof Houghton said.
