Ennio Morricone, the Italian composer whose haunting scores to Spaghetti Westerns like A Fistful of Dollars and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly helped define a cinematic era, has died Italian news agency ANSA said on Monday. He was 91.
ANSA said Morricone, who won two Oscars and dozens of others awards including Golden Globes, Grammys and BAFTAs, broke his femur some days ago and died during the night in a clinic in Rome.
His last Oscar was in 2016 for best original score for Quentin Tarantino’s The Hateful Eight.
He first declined the job, but then relented, demanding that Tarantino allow him a “total break with the style of Western films I wrote 50 years ago”.
Morricone wrote for hundreds of films, television programmes, popular songs and orchestras, but it was his friendship with Italian director Sergio Leone that brought him fame, with scores for Spaghetti Westerns starring Clint Eastwood in the 1960s.
They include the so-called Dollars Trilogy - A Fistful of Dollars, For a Few Dollars More, and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.
Morricone used unconventional instruments such as the Jew’s harp, amplified harmonica, mariachi trumpets, cor anglais and the ocarina – an ancient Chinese instrument shaped like an egg.
The music was accompanied by real sounds such as whistling, cracking of whips, gunshots and sounds inspired by wild animals including coyotes.
He always tried to shake off the association with the Spaghetti Westerns, reminding people, particularly outside Italy, that he had a very creative and productive life before and after the films he made with Leone.
“It’s a strait-jacket. I just don’t understand how, after all the films I have done, people keep thinking about ‘A Fistful of Dollars’. People are stuck back in time, 30 years ago,” the Maestro, as he was known in Italy, told Reuters in 2007.
“My production for Westerns is maybe 7-1/2 or 8 per cent of what I have done overall.”
One of Morricone’s most evocative soundtracks was for the 1986 film The Mission, by Roland Joffe, for which he was nominated for an Oscar and won a Golden Globe.
To accompany the story of the Jesuit missions in 18th century South America, Morricone used European style liturgical chorales and native drums to convey the mix of the old and new worlds.
Another non-Western classic was Leone’s “Once Upon a Time in America”, in 1984, which told the story of poor Jewish children in New York who grow up to become Prohibition-era mobsters.
In Italy, Morricone developed a close friendship with director Giuseppe Tornatore, whose Cinema Paradiso won the Oscar for best foreign film in 1989.
Morricone also composed for Brian De Palma’s The Untouchables, Barry Levinson’s Bugsy, and Margarethe von Trotta’s The Long Silence.
Born in Rome in 1928 while Italy was headed by Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, Morricone learned music from his father, a trumpeter in small orchestras.
He entered Rome’s conservatory at the age of 12, studying trumpet, choral music and composition, and later was chosen to join the orchestra of the prestigious Academy of Santa Cecilia.
He first wrote music for theatre and radio programmes and later was a studio arranger for record labels, working with some of Italy’s best known pop stars of the 1950s and 1960s.
One of few Italians to have become a Hollywood legend without living there, Morricone said a studio had once offered him a luxurious villa in California, but he turned it down.
“All my friends are here, as well as plenty of directors who love me and appreciate my work,” he said. “Rome is my home.”
Morricone married Maria Travia in 1956. They had four children, three sons and a daughter. – Reuters
