US job growth surged more than expected in June and employers increased hours for workers, signs of labour market strength that could keep the Federal Reserve on course for a third interest rate increase this year despite benign inflation.
Nonfarm payrolls jumped by 222,000 jobs last month, the labour department said on Friday, beating economists’ expectations for a 179,000 gain. Data for April and May was revised, showing 47,000 more jobs created than previously reported.
While the unemployment rate rose to 4.4 per cent from a 16-year low of 4.3 per cent, that was because more people were looking for work, a sign of confidence in the labour market. The jobless rate has dropped four-tenths of a percentage point this year and is near the most recent Fed median forecast for 2017.
The average workweek increased to 34.5 hours from 34.4 hours in May. Labour market buoyancy could also encourage the US central bank to announce plans to start reducing its $4.2 trillion portfolio of treasury bonds and mortgage-backed securities in September.
The US federal reserve raised its benchmark overnight interest rate in June for the second time this year. But with inflation retreating further below the central bank’s 2 per cent target in May, economists expect another rate hike only in December.
Regaining speed
June’s employment gains exceeded the 186,000 monthly average for 2016, reinforcing views that the economy regained speed in the second quarter after a sluggish performance at the start of the year.
But the pace of job growth is expected to slow as the labour market hits full employment. There is growing anecdotal evidence of companies struggling to find qualified workers.
As a result, companies are gradually raising wages in an effort to attract and retain their employees. Economists expect worker shortages to boost wage growth, which has remained stubbornly sluggish despite the tightening labour market.
Average hourly earnings increased four cents or 0.2 per cent in June after gaining 0.1 per cent in May. That lifted the year-on-year increase in wages to 2.5 per cent from 2.4 per cent in May.
Republican president Donald Trump, who inherited a strong job market from the Obama administration, has pledged to sharply boost economic growth and further strengthen the labour market by slashing taxes and cutting regulation.
But Republicans have struggled with healthcare legislation and there are also worries that political scandals could derail the Trump administration’s economic agenda.
The economy needs to create 75,000-100,000 jobs per month to keep up with growth in the working-age population.
But there is still some labour market slack. A broad measure of unemployment, which includes people who want to work but have given up searching and those working part-time because they cannot find full-time employment, rose to 8.6 per cent last month from 8.4 per cent in May, which was the lowest since November 2007.
Participation rate
The labour force participation rate, or the share of working-age Americans who are employed or at least looking for a job, rose one-tenth of a percentage point to 62.8 per cent.
Employment gains were broad in June, with manufacturing payrolls increasing 1,000 after factories shed 2,000 jobs in May. But the automobile sector lost a further 1,300 jobs as slowing sales and bloated inventories force manufacturers to cut back on production.
The sector has purged jobs for three straight months.
Ford Motor has announced plans to slash 1,400 salaried jobs in North America and Asia through voluntary early retirement and other financial incentives. Others, like General Motors are embarking on extended summer assembly plant shutdowns, which will temporarily leave workers unemployed.
Construction added another 16,000 jobs last month.
Retailers hired 8,100 workers, a surprise respite for a sector which had shed employment for four straight months. Department store operators like JC Penney, Macy's and Abercrombie & Fitch are struggling against stiff competition from online retailers led by Amazon.
Government employment rebounded by 35,000 jobs last month. – (Reuters)
