Pakistani authorities began rounding up undocumented foreigners, most of them Afghans, on Wednesday, in advance of a midnight deadline for them to leave or face expulsion.
The removal of people to temporary holding centres began a day earlier than previously announced. The interior ministry said 140,322 people had already voluntarily left after days in which trucks piled high with belongings and crammed with people have jammed major roads out of the country.
Afghans have made up the bulk of those to have left so far after what for some has been decades living in Pakistan.
Brushing off calls to reconsider from the United Nations, rights groups and western embassies, Pakistan – citing security concerns – set the November 1st start date last month for the expulsion of all undocumented immigrants, including hundreds of thousands of Afghans.
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“A process to arrest the foreigners . . . for deportation has started as of November 1st,” the interior ministry said in a statement, while adding that voluntary return would still be encouraged.
Within hours of the interior ministry statement, authorities had begun detaining and transferring what they said were undocumented foreigners to transit centres.
In the southern port city of Karachi, home to a large number of Afghan migrants and refugees, deputy commissioner Junaid Iqbal Khan said up to 74 people had so far been moved to one of the transit centres, up to 40 of them without any proper documents. Some were brought in police vehicles.
Inside the centre, authorities had set up tents to shelter those rounded up. Media were not allowed access inside.
Most of the Afghan nationals were brought to the centres in rickety buses, some of them handcuffed.
Some complained about mishandling by the authorities. Jan Muhammad (40) said his cousin was detained even though he had all the legal documents.
“I have shown up here with his original card,” he said, adding the guards were now asking for another document. “We didn’t bring that with us.”
Of the voluntary returnees, around 104,000 Afghan nationals have left the country via the main Torkham border crossing in northwest Pakistan during the past two weeks.
“Some of them have been living in Pakistan for more than 30 years without any proof of registration,” said Nasir Khan, the area deputy commissioner.
An as yet undetermined number have also left by the Chaman border crossing in the southwestern province of Balochistan.
Local media pictures showed long queues of buses heading to the Torkham crossing where thousands of people waited for clearance and would likely spend the night in open as the crossing closes at 9pm. Some of them said they had never been to Afghanistan, and wondered how would they start a new life there.
“We would be strangers to the people and they would be unknown to us,” said Rizwan Khan (25), in Khyber tribal district before heading to the border. “We do not have a house to live in in our native village.”
His grandfather had migrated from Afghanistan.
Of the more than four million Afghans living in Pakistan, the government estimates 1.7 million are undocumented.
Many fled Afghanistan during its decades of internal conflict since the late 1970s, while the Taliban takeover after the US withdrawal in 2021 led to another exodus.
Pakistan has taken a hardline stance, saying Afghan nationals have been behind militant attacks, smuggling and other crimes in the South Asian nation.
Kabul has dismissed the accusations. In the Afghan capital, the Taliban administration asked all countries hosting Afghan refugees to give them more time to prepare for repatriation.
“We call on them not to deport forcefully Afghans without preparation, rather give them enough time and countries should use tolerance,” it said in a social media posting on Afghans in Pakistan and elsewhere.
It assured Afghans who left over political concerns that they could return and live peacefully in Afghanistan.
(c) Copyright Thomson Reuters 2023