The Group of Seven (G7) nations has threatened to impose harder-hitting sanctions on Russia if it does not help restore stability to eastern Ukraine, where pro-Russian militias continue to operate at will.
While Ukraine was able to hold a largely peaceful presidential election last month, the situation in the east near the Russian border remains volatile, with armed groups attacking Ukrainian government forces and occupying state buildings.
"We stand ready to intensify targeted sanctions and to consider significant additional restrictive measures to impose further costs on Russia should events so require," the G7 said in a statement after talks in Brussels last night.
German chancellor Angela Merkel said Western powers would check "again and again" to verify that Russia was doing what it could to stabilise the situation, which erupted in March after Russia seized Crimea from Ukraine and annexed it.
“We cannot afford a further destabilisation in Ukraine,” Dr Merkel told reporters.
“If we do not have progress in the questions we have to solve there is the possibility of sanctions, even heavy sanctions of phase 3 on the table,” she said, referring to restrictions on trade, finance and energy.
So far, the United States and European Union have imposed relatively minor travel bans and asset freezes on dozens of Russian officials in reaction to the seizure of Crimea.
Further steps were threatened if the May 25th elections were affected. However, they went smoothly and new president Petro Poroshenko will be sworn in on Saturday.
Some saw that as an indication that Russia was being more cooperative, reducing the threat of further sanctions. But the G7 statement suggests the West is not yet satisfied that president Vladimir Putin is doing enough to calm the situation.
Russia denies it is behind the revolt in eastern Ukraine, where militias allied to Moscow have seized buildings, attacked Ukrainian troops and declared independence. Putin has also defended his right to protect Russian-speaking people.
While Putin has been cut out of the G7 - this is the first meeting without Russia since it joined the club in 1997 - he will hold face-to-face meetings with Dr Merkel, French president Francois Hollande and Britain's David Cameron at a D-Day anniversary gathering in France later this week.
Asked about those bilateral meetings and whether they raised any concerns for president Barack Obama, who has pointedly avoided any contact with Mr Putin, a US official said it wasn't important who Mr Putin met but "what people say in those meetings".
Ahead of the G7 summit, Mr Obama met Mr Poroshenko for talks in Warsaw and declared him a “wise choice” to lead Ukraine, part of efforts by the EU and the United States to provide moral and financial support to the new leadership.
Mr Poroshenko, a chocolate-industry billionaire, said he would be willing to meet Mr Putin for peace talks on the sidelines of the D-Day commemorations in Normandy although no meeting has been set up.
“As things stand now, a meeting between me and Putin is not envisaged, but I do not rule out that it could take place in one format or another,” he told reporters, adding that he was working on a peace plan for Ukraine that would involve the decentralisation of power, local elections and an amnesty.
As well as foreign policy, the two-day G7 summit will cover economics, trade, climate and energy policy.
One of the most sensitive discussions will be over energy security, particularly in Europe, which relies on Russia for around a third of its oil and gas - a fact that gives Moscow leverage over the EU and its 500 million people.
European leaders have committed themselves to diversifying away from Russia but doing so will take time and be costly, and may in part depend on the willingness of the United States to supply liquified natural gas to Europe.
A separate communique will be released by the G7 leaders after talks today which will highlight the need to prioritise security of energy supplies.
Reuters