The way has been prepared for the EU to allow a fast-track introduction of some varieties of genetically modified crops to Europe despite reservations among member-states about gene technology.
But developers of GM crops will be held liable for any resulting damage to the environment or to the public from their products.
This follows the successful negotiation of the Bowe Report through the European Parliament yesterday.
It sets out how EU directive 90/ 220, which applies to the deliberate release of genetically modified organisms into the environment, should be reformed.
Its adoption will, however, lead to more extensive mandatory labelling of GM foods and prevent future use of antibiotic-resistant "markers" in developing the crops, if they are likely to hamper the effectiveness of antibiotics.
The markers indicate if organisms have successfully incorporated new genetic material, such as that which makes a plant resistant to a particular herbicide.
The Greens' decision to vote for the report despite reservations about many provisions was crucial to its adoption. At one point, it seemed destined to be referred back for further consultation despite unanimous agreement that current regulations were not effective.
"We have secured important gains on labelling, liability and the banning of antibiotic markers. That is why we voted for it," said Green MEP Ms Nuala Ahern.
But the fast-track option, she warned, would create loopholes which could allow biotechnology industry to "drive their GMO truck through consumer concerns".
Ms Ahern said the demands of public liability would place considerable strains on industry as some insurance companies have indicated they cannot provide cover unless the risks can be quantified. "The Government must take steps to ensure the biotech companies quantify the risks to consumers," she added.
