The California Public Employees' Retirement System, the largest US pension fund, has said it will pull all $4 billion it has invested in hedge funds because it finds them too costly and complicated.

The $300 billion fund, known as Calpers, invests with firms including Och-Ziff Capital Management, Deepak Narula's Metacapital Management and Bain Capital's Brookside Capital and plans to pull the money out over the next year. The fund will also exit from fund-of-funds Pacific Alternative Asset Management Co and Rock Creek Group.

Representatives for several of the affected funds did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Calpers has been investing in hedge funds for more than a decade, having been one of the first big-name funds to put money into the loosely regulated hedge fund industry in 2002.

Thanks to its size, its investments decisions have long been followed closely and some industry experts said that other pension funds might now rethink some of their allocations to the roughly $3 trillion hedge fund industry.

"Hedge funds are certainly a viable strategy for some, but at the end of the day, when judged against their complexity, cost, and the lack of ability to scale ... the ARS program doesn't merit a continued role," Ted Eliopoulos, Calpers' interim chief investment officer, said in a statement.

Calpers said it will spend the next year pulling money out of 30 firms “in a manner that best serves the interests of the portfolio,” he added. Hedge funds often lock up their investors’ money for months, if not years.

Discussions about hedge funds' role in the massive portfolio began after Joseph Dear, Calpers' former chief investment officer, died of cancer in February, people familiar with the fund said.

Mr Dear, who joined Calpers in 2009, embraced riskier assets including hedge funds and private equity funds, to help recover losses suffered during the financial crisis when its investments lost 23.6 per cent during the fiscal year that ended on June 30th, 2009.

But in the last years, most hedge funds have not delivered the outsized returns the industry became famous for, prompting many pension funds and other large institutional investors to question hedge funds’ fees which often include a 2 per cent management fee and 20 per cent of the gains achieved. Hedge funds returned 4.10 per cent this year through August, according to Hedge Fund Research, lagging the Standard & Poor’s 500 9.87 per cent gain.

"The hedge funds haven't contributed much to Calpers' results during the stock market boom, but the right ones could provide a hedge against a drop in the market," said Erik Gordon, who watches the industry closely as professor of law and business at the University of Michigan.

In July, Calpers said that its investments returned 18.4 per cent during the fiscal year that ended on June 30th with hedge funds gaining 7.1 per cent. Private equity investments returned 20 per cent. The fund’s investment goal is 7.5 per cent.

For the 10-year period ended on June 30th, Calpers’ investments earned a 7.2 per cent return.

Calpers offers benefits to roughly 1.6 million current and retired police officers, fire fighters and other public employees.

Roughly half of all US pension funds have made some allocation to hedge funds. According to industry trackers, some funds are looking for ways to cut costs. Massachusetts, which invests roughly $5.6 billion with hedge funds is pushing to move some of that money into separately managed accounts and may even invest, at a lower cost, in strategies designed to mimic hedge fund returns. – Reuters