The European Central Bank has claimed it had always been transparent about its role in Ireland’s economic crash.

A report by the Oireachtas banking inquiry published on Wednesday heavily criticised the ECB and found the organisation contributed to the inappropriate placing of debt on shoulders of Irish citizens.

Written evidence supplied to the Oireachtas banking inquiry shows the NTMA, which manages Ireland’s national debt, advised the Government that “immediate steps” could be taken to enable this burden sharing, adding that markets had already priced this haircut into the bonds.

But it also warned there could be potential implications with “external authorities”, a reference to the ECB, which had warned Dublin a “bomb” would go off if it was to do so.

In response to the report’s findings an ECB spokesman said on Thursday: “The ECB welcomes the publication of the report of the Irish Banking Inquiry committee.”

“On many occasions since the start of the Irish programme the ECB has been transparent regarding its role in supporting Ireland throughout the crisis, addressing the issues mentioned in the report in various formats and settings, including in the context of its accountability to the European Parliament.

“We are confident that this has been a valuable contribution to an understanding of the crisis.”

The report found the ECB prevented Ireland from imposing losses on senior bondholders.

It detailed how the organisation threatened the withdrawal of emergency liquidity assistance twice.

In November 2010 the ECB said it would withdraw funding if the country did not accept a bailout programme and in March 2011 a similar threat was issued when the country sought to burn senior holders.

Members of the Oireachtas committee tasked with compiling a report on the country’s economic crash criticised the ECB for refusing to co-operate with the inquiry.

The inquiry found that the State could have saved more than €9 billion by imposing losses on senior debt holders at the six Irish banks, the National Treasury Management Agency (NTMA) told the Government in March 2011.

The failure to impose losses on senior bondholders to recoup some of the cost of the €64 billion bank bailout has been a source of political controversy since Fine Gael and Labour entered Government.

The NTMA estimate of potential savings is higher than previous suggestions about what could have been clawed back.

Instead of imposing haircuts of the scale suggested, Minister for Finance Michael Noonan drafted a plan for burden sharing of €3.7 billion worth of unsecured, unguaranteed senior debt connected with IBRC (the former Anglo Irish Bank and Irish Nationwide).

However, he pulled it at the last minute after the ECB warned that it would cut the billions in emergency liquidity assistance that had been advanced to Irish banks.

This was the second time that the ECB had blocked attempts by Ireland to burn senior bondholders.

The then Fianna Fáil-led government had explored burden sharing in its negotiations on a bailout with the troika in October and November 2010, but while there was initial support from the IMF, the ECB blocked this plan.

At the launch of the inquiry’s report yesterday, Fianna Fáil’s finance spokesman, Michael McGrath, acknowledged that the ECB’s intervention had cost Irish taxpayers “billions of euros”.

Fine Gael Senator Michael D’Arcy said the Government could have proceeded but that this would have come with its own consequences.

Fine Gael TD Eoghan Murphy and Fianna Fáil Senator Marc MacSharry criticised the ECB’s refusal to participate in the inquiry.

Mr Murphy said this showed a democratic deficit within the institution and Mr MacSharry said it showed a lack of respect.

The report also confirms there were no minutes kept by the Department of the Taoiseach of the meeting on September 29th, 2008, when the bank guarantee was discussed.

It outlines how a draft press release was prepared by the Central Bank at 9.10pm on that night, outlining a six-month guarantee.

However, the official statement released the following morning announced a two-year blanket guarantee.

The report finds the failure of the banks was the responsibility of senior management in the institutions.

It is highly critical of the financial regulator and the Central Bank, insisting they had sufficient powers to intervene but did not use them.

The inquiry also found that breaches of prudential limits and requirements were identified, but no enforcement action was taken against institutions.

All the main political parties, whether in opposition or in government, were criticised for advocating pro-cyclical fiscal policies, including increasing expenditure and reducing taxation in the years leading up to the crisis.

Nine of the 11 committee members signed the final report.